Coke-oven



(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 1. T. R. OSBOURN. 00KB OVEN.

No. 469,866. atented Mar. 1, 1892.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

TLR, 0SBOURN.-

COKE OVEN.

No. 469,866; Patented Mar. 1, 1892.

WITNESSajS: I INVENTOR (No ModeL) 4 Sheet-Sheet 4. T. R..OSBOURN.

COKE OVEN.

No. 469.866. Patented Mar; 1, 1892 NITED STATES PATENT -OFFICE.

THOMAS R. OSBOURN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

COKE-OVEN;

SPEGIFIOATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,866, dated March 1,1892.

Application filed December 12, 1890. Serial No. 374,441. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS R. OSBOURN, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of Philadelphia,in the State ofPennsylvania, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in CokeOvens, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is the improvement of coke ovens, in thefollowing particulars, namely, first to provide in connection with anoven of the type equipped with a removable floor, improved means forsupport in gand manipulating said floor; and, second, to provide animproved plan or construction of oven of the type known as thebee-hive,- by which not only the building of such ovens is facilitatedand rendered less expensive, while the completed oven is compact andsimple in arrangement,but also the internal arrangement of the oven isadapted to be readily altered to accommodate it to the requirements ofdifferent varieties of coal. A preferred and convenient form of oven, inwhich these objects are attained, is shown in the accompanying drawings,and is hereinafter described, the particular subj ect matter claimedas'novel being hereinafter specified.

In the drawings, Figure l is a central vertical sectional elevation, ofan oven embodying my invention, taken on the line 11 x of Fig. 3, sightbeing taken toward the front wall of said oven, the portable floor beingshown as down upon the truck, but connected with the lifts and jackspider and in readiness to be elevated into position. Fig. 2 is acentral vertical sectional elevational of the oven, in a plane at rightangles to its front, showing, however, the portable floor in position toreceive a charge of fresh coal to be coked. Fig. 3 is a sectional planof the oven. Fig. 4 is a plan designed to illustrate both of the twotypes of oven hereinafter described.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

In the drawings, A indicates the masonry forming the exterior shell of aseries of ovens, the linings thereof being preferably formed of brickwork. Each oven is composed of an upper portion and a lower portionwhich I designate respectively as the oven and the pit, the line ofdivision between the two being the floor when in its usual position. Theoven shown is of the general hemispherical form to which the termbee-hive has been applied, and its ceiling or inclosing wall embodies acharging opening 0, ordinarily covered by a plate O The front wall ofthe furnace embodies at or above the floor level a door C, and belowsaid floor level a door 0 of width at least equal to that of the floorD. p E is a track or tramway extending along the top of the battery, orseries of ovens.

Generally stated the operation of the oven is as follows: A car of coalis drawn into position over the opening 0 and a quantity of coal chargedthrough said opening and down upon the floor D. The oven havingpreviously been heated to a sufficiently high temperature the charge isfired. The process of coking proceeds in a manner well known to thosefamiliar with the art. After a sufficient time has elapsed the mass issprayed with water to complete the operation, and this treatment withwater may take place either before or after the heated mass is removedfrom the furnace, but preferably after. To remove the charge, theportable floor is lowered into the pit and upon a truck F mounted uponrails f leading out through the door C ,is detached from its supports,and carried away by the truck toa receptacle into which the charge isplaced, whereupon the floor is carried back, connected again to itssupports or lifts, and elevated into the position shown in Fig. 2, whenanother mass of coal is charged upon it. I have stated that it ispreferable that the water should be applied to the mass after itsremoval from the oven, and this is for the reason that if water isapplied while it is in the oven,the oven becomes cold, aud not only isthe heat which it contains thus wasted, but the coking of a subsequentcharge is delayed until the oven is reheated.

The construction and operation so far described are not novel with me.

In my improved construction and arrangement the oven is of the usualbee-hive form, but the pit, while it is in breadth of conveniently aboutthe same measurement as the greatest diameter of the oven, is of generalquadrangular plan, its corners extending beneath the arched masonry ofthe oven wall, and, the'fioor D, being of the same size as the pit, thecharge of coke placed upon it is less liable to be shaken off whilebeing carried away from the oven on the truck. This increased area ofthe floor is secured without enlargement either of the body of thestructure or the breadth of the door because said structure and doorbeing necessarily large enough to suit a round floor of size equal tothe diameter of the oven, equally accommodate a square floorof similarbreadth. Three of the walls of the pit are shown as straight andcontinuous, while the fourth or front wall embodies near its top an arch0 above the door G At or about the position which it is desired that thefloor should occupy when the oven is in operation,a stop G isconveniently provided, being in the drawings shown as consisting of acontinuous bar or plate the body of which is built into the masonry ofthe wall, and the edge of which projects into the interior of the oven.The interior plan of the structure changes at this point from a generalquadrangle to a circle, and to accomplish this I resort to the use ofwhat I term hive sills, II, being plates of metal, each resting upon thetops of the two straight walls contiguous to a corner of the pit, andconstituting a bridge across said corner, which plates are as to theirfront edges preferably of curved form to correspond to the radius of thelower portion of the hive. These plates may if desired be supplementedby others extending from one to the other, or a continuous annularcasting may be employed. Upon the sills and upon the top of the straightwalls of the pit may be built the arched or converged wall of the hive,the same being, apart from its foundation upon the hive sills,constructed in a manner familiar to masons and oven builders. The platesor hive sills and also the tops of the pit walls are quite broad, and,so far as the foundation of the arched wall upon the base composed ofthe straight walls of the pit and said plates is concerned, it is to beremarked, two methods are open to the constructor, which are secured bymy invention; that is to say, the inner tier of brick may be laid alongand flush with the front edges of the plates, and may when laid upon themasonry wall of the pit continue in a curve of the same radius as thatof the plate until the next plate is reached, as shown in the lower halfof Fig. 4, and by this arrangement said tier and the superimposed tierswill be circular. Incidental to this arrangement, however, it is to benoted that within the circle of said tier will exist a fiat anduncovered portion of the center of each of the four walls of the pit, toprevent the lodgment of portions of coal upon which I prefer to covereach with a beveled top covering of brick or other material as shown inFigs. 1 and 2. When, however,a larger oven is desired, I enlarge it bysetting the bricks of the first or inner tiers of brick at suchincreased radial distance from the center of the even as will give theadditional space required; as for instance by setting the bricks of thefirst inner tiers of the portion of the hive wall not resting on thecurved corner hive sills, that is to say, the tiers which exist abovethe respective central portions of the four pit walls,in straight lines,and some distance back from the inner edges of their supports, and setsuch bricks as are placed directly upon the curved corner plates or hivesills back from the edges of said platesa suf ficient distance to beflush or in registry with the adjacent ends of such straight tiers, asshown in the upper half of Fig. 4. In said second construction, thefront edges of the pit wall and hive sills are preferably covered withbrick to prevent their retaining portions of the charge. \Vhere a seriesof ovens exist side by side, two side hive sills, one appertaining toone, and the other to another, of two adjacent ovens, may, as shown inFig. l, consist of a single integral plate of sufficient breadth.

In the coking of coal in bee-hive ovens it is a matter of commonexperience that a given volumeof coal of one variety will coke toadvantage in an oven of one area, while a similar quantity of coal ofanother variety will coke to advantage in an even of another area, therebeing a certain relation to be observed between the richness in volatilematter of a mass of coal, and the size of the oven in which it is cokcd.

In my improved 1' uruace as hercinbefore described it is obvious thatthe capacity of the oven may be altered by simply taking down its innerlining as far as the hive sills and rebuilding saidlining in the mannerrequired, the even being to such extent adjustable.

The means to which I resort to manipulate the floor are as follows:

I I I I are a series of bores or tunnels, passing vertically through thestructure and opening as to their lower ends through the lower face ofthat portion of the oven which overhangs the corners of the pit, andpreferably behind or through the hive sills hereinbcfore referred to.

J J J J are a series of metal rods or lifts one of which is mounted. ineach of the bores or channels referred to, and each of which is providedwith means bywhich it may be detachablyconnected with the floor. Anydesired arrangement of detachably connecting the rods with the floor maybe resorted to, but I prefer to simply bend the lower end of each rod toform a hook j which by rotation of the rod may be carried beneath thefloor or out from beneath the same as desired, and to enable suchrotation to be made I equip each rod at its upper portion with anoperating handle j".

Each lift is preferably provided with a shoulder j situatedintermediately of its length, at such point as to be about level withthe upper face of the masonry when the floor is drawn to its upperposition, so thatablock IIO or stay pin may be inserted beneath each ofsuch shoulders to maintain said floor.

K is a lever to which one or a set of such shoulder blocks are to beconnected in any preferred manner, so that by its throw the blocks areset in and out of position.

L is a truck adapted to be run upon rails, upon which is mounted a jack,hydraulic ram, or kindred device, M, upon or in connection with which ismounted a spider M provided with hooks m adapted to engage with ringsmounted in the upper extremities of the lifts. The truck, jack, andspider, are adapted to be propelled along the track and to success ivelyoperate the floors of the ovens of the series.

In the construction described the lifts are always in their places, andready to be, as to their extremities, attached to or disconnected fromthe spider and the floor respectively, and are, moreover by theprovision of the bores or channels exterior to the oven, protected fromthe great heat of its interior.

In the operation of the oven, when the charge,after being fired is inreadiness for removal, the truck L is brought into position and attachedto the lifts, the blocks are Withdrawn from .beneath the shoulders j thefloor lowered upon the truck F, and the lifts rotated by their handlesto clear the hooks from the floor D and elevated to permit the lateralmovement of the floor. After the floor has been removed and its contentsdischarged, it

is returned to the pit, the lifts are again en- Having thus described myinvention, I claim:

1. In a coke oven, a structure forming apit and a bee-hive oven situatedabove the same, and embodying in its masonry vertical lift channels,bores or tunnels exterior to the oven and extending from the top of thestructure to the pit and terminating at their lower ends immediatelyover a movable floor, and lifts situated within said channels,substantially as set forth.

2. In a coke oven, a structure forming a beehive oven and apit situatedbeneath the same, and embodying in its masonry vertical channels, boresor tunnels exterior to the oven and extending from the top of thestructure to the pit, a portable floor, lifts composed of bars of metalsituated within said lift channels, the lower ends of which lifts aredetachably connected with the floor, and the upper ends of which liftsare provided with means whereby they may be connected with liftingmechan ism, substantially as set forth.

3. In combination with a coke oven comprising a pit and a bee-hive ovenand the wall of which embodies vertical lift channels, a portable floor,lifts composed of bars of metal which extend through the lift channelsand the lower ends of which are detachably connected with the floor,lifting mechanism, and shoulders connected with the lift bars at pointsintermediate of their length by means of which said bars and theconnected floor may be supported in an elevated position, substantiallyas set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereuntosigned my name this 11th day of November, A. D. 1890.

THOMAS R. OSBOURN.

In presence of- F. NORMAN DIXON, FRANK QUINN.

